Reduplication (Komi-Permyak)

TtlRdp & PrtRdpCpl

TtlRdp: Total reduplication of an entire word, relative stem, or absolute stem (root) is used productively.

PrtRdpCpl: Partial reduplication is used productively, and the reduplication is complex, with the duplicate showing different phonological material, such as vowel or consonant change or morpheme order reversal.

(1) gördgörd
redred
‘bright red, very red’ (L. P.)
(2)basökbasök
nicenice
‘very nice’ (L. P.)
(3)basökśabasök
nice-PRECLnice
‘very nice’ (L. P.)
(4)ʒ́oriʒ́or
unripeandunripe
‘very unripe’(L. P.)
(5)körkömekerlišańgaez.
long_agoImake-FREQ-PST.1SGshanga-PL
‘Once, a long time ago, I made shanga [food made of sourdough pasta].’
‘I used to make shanga.’ (L. P.)
(6)körkömekerlyvlišańgaez.
long_agoImake-FREQ-FREQ-PST.1SGshanga-PL
‘I used to make shanga.’ (L. P)
(7)gućgućtaravny
IDEOIDEOfall-INF
‘to fall over’ (Shlyakhova 2013: 1330)

One of the main uses of reduplication in Komi-Permyak is for evaluation, including the intensification of adjectives and adverbials (for more on intensifiers see e.g. Körtvélyessy 2015): the reduplication of the stem often results in a meaning expressing a higher degree of some quality the base word denotes. Such reduplication can be used with colour terms (1) or other adjectives (2), and adverbs. The first member of doubled adjectives may take a preclusive suffix (3), or, alternatively, a conjunction can appear between the two members (4). Reduplication of frequentative suffixes may affect the aspectual system as well: with one frequentative suffix the event can be interpreted as non-iterative (5), but in the presence of two frequentative suffixes the iterative interpretation is obligatory (6). Permyak uses different forms of reduplication when forming e.g. onomatopoeic expressions, where fully or partially reduplicating an element is especially common (7) (Shlyakhova 2013). However, these forms are not productive.

Author: Laura Horváth


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