(Komi-Permyak)
AdvCopDep
AdvCopDep: Depending on certain grammatical circumstances, the copula does occur with adverbial predicates.
| (1) | mikov | vör-yn. |
|---|
| Mikov | forest‑INE |
| ’Mikov is in the forest.’ (L. P.) |
| (2) | urok | 11 | čas-ö. |
|---|
| class | 11 | hour‑ILL |
| ’The class is at 11.’ (L. P.) |
| (3) | me | vör-yn. |
|---|
| I | forest‑INE |
| ’I am in the forest.’ (L. P.) |
| (4) | nasta | abu | vör-yn. |
|---|
| Nastya | COP.NEG | forest‑INE |
| ’Nastya is not in the forest.’ (L. P.) |
| (5) | nija | öni | abu-öś | urok-yn. |
|---|
| they | now | COP.NEG‑PL | class‑INE |
| ’They are not in class now.’ (L. P.) |
| (6) | me | völ-i-m | vör-yn. |
|---|
| we | COP‑PST‑1PL | forest‑INE |
| ’We were in the forest.’ (L. P.) |
| (7) | ti | ašyn | lo-a-t | pyvśanin-yn. |
|---|
| you.PL | tomorrow | COP‑FUT‑2PL | bathhouse‑INE |
| ’You will be in the bathhouse tomorrow.’ (L. P.) |
In Komi-Permyak, the copula never co-occurs with either locative (1), (3) or temporal (2) adverbial predicates in affirmative present tense sentences in indicative mood, irrespective of person and number. Elsewhere the presence of the copula is obligatory, including negative sentences (4)–(5), and non-present tenses (6)–(7) (cf. Bartens 2000: 265–267, Lobanova 2017).
Author: Nikolett F. Gulyás
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