(Komi-Permyak)
AuxVInfl & AuxNotVInfl
AuxVInfl: Auxiliary verbs are verbs, and the inflection of lexical and auxiliary verbs is the same.
AuxNotVInfl: Auxiliaries are verbs, but the inflection of auxiliaries is not identical to that of lexical verbs.
| (1) | talun | mikov | mun-ö | vör-ö. |
|---|
| today | Mikov | go‑prs.3sg | forest‑ill |
| ’Mikov is going to the forest today.’ (L. P.) | | | |
| (2) | talun | mikov | oz | mun | vör-ö. |
|---|
| today | Mikov | neg.prs.3sg | go.cng | forest‑ill |
| ’Mikov is not going to the forest today.’ (L. P.) | | | | |
| (3) | talun | me | og | mun | vör-ö. |
|---|
| today | I | neg.prs.1sg | go.cng | forest‑ill |
| ’I’m not going to the forest today.’ (L. P.) | | | | |
| (4) | mikov | pond-a-s | mun-ny | vör-ö. |
|---|
| Mikov | begin‑fut‑3sg | go‑inf | forest‑ill |
| ’Mikov will go to the forest.’ (L. P.) | | | |
| (5) | me | pond-a | mun-ny | vör-ö. |
|---|
| I | begin‑fut.1sg | go‑inf | forest‑ill |
| ’I will go to the forest.’ (L. P.) | | | |
| (6) | mikov-lö | kol-ö | mun-ny | vör-ö. |
|---|
| Mikov‑dat | must‑prs.3sg | go‑inf | forest‑ill |
| ’Mikov must go to the forest.’ (L. P.) | | | |
| (7) | menym | kol-ö | mun-ny | vör-ö. |
|---|
| I.dat | must‑prs.3sg | go‑inf | forest‑ill |
| ’I must go to the forest.’ (L. P.) | | | |
| (8) | mikov-lö | kol-i-s | mun-ny | vör-ö. |
|---|
| Mikov‑dat | must‑pst‑3sg | go‑inf | erdő‑ill |
| ’Mikov had to go to the forest.’ (L. P.) | | | |
Some of the Komi-Permyak auxiliaries including the negative verb (2)–(3) and the auxiliary of the complex future tense pondyny, originally meaning ‘begin’ (4)–(5), inflect for person and number. A part of the modal auxiliaries, however, e.g. kolö ’must’ (6)–(7) is used only in the third person singular form, but can be inflected for other verbal categories such as tense (8) (cf. Bartens 2000: 191–193, Ponomareva 2010: 167–168).
Author: Nikolett F. Gulyás
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