(Komi-Permyak)
NoAgIntrpassNonSub
NoAgIntrpassNonSub: The language does have intransitive passive constructions, but no noun representing the agent appears in them and the subject of the passive intransitive verb is not an agent.
| (1) | ökśiń | uź-öm(a) | kojka | vylyn. |
|---|
| Oksana | sleep‑2pst.3sg | bed | on |
| ’Oksana slept in the bed (they say).’ (L. P.) | | | |
| (2) | kojka | vylyn | uź-öm(a). |
|---|
| bed | on | sleep‑ptcp.pass |
| ’Somebody slept in the bed (they say).’ (L. P.) | | |
| ’The bed has been slept in.’ (L. P.) | | |
| (3) | kojka | vylyn | völi | uź-öma. |
|---|
| bed | on | be.pst | sleep‑ptcp.pass |
| ’Somebody slept in the bed (they say).’ (L. P.) | | | |
| ’The bed has been slept in.’ (L. P.) | | | |
| (4) | estön | kotraś-ömaś. |
|---|
| here | run‑ptcp.pass |
| ’Somebody has been running here (they say).’ (L. P.) |
| ’There has been some running here.’ (L. P.) | |
| (5) | estön | kotraś-ömaś | pon-nez. |
|---|
| here | run‑pst.3pl | dog‑pl |
| ’Dogs have been running here.’ (L. P.) | | |
| (6) | estön | völi | kotraś-ömaś. |
|---|
| here | be.pst | runt‑ptcp.pass |
| ’Somebody has been running here (they say).’ (L. P.) | | |
| ’There has been some running here.’ (L. P.) | | |
| (7) | kerku | völi | lebt-öm(a) | (ajka-ez-ön). |
|---|
| house | be.pst | build‑ptcp.pst | man‑pl‑ins |
| ’The house has been built (by the men).’ (L. P.) | | | |
In Komi-Permyak passive sentences, the verb appears in a participle form (2)–(4), (6) (cf. Bartens 2000: 238–241), which is the same as the active forms in third person singular (1), and the plural forms in the second past tense (5). Such sentences therefore can have an impersonal active interpretation as well as an agentless passive one (2)–(4), (6). With intransitive verbs, a noun phrase with an adverbial function (2)–(3) or an adverb (4), (6) may appear in the passive sentence. In intransitive passive sentences there is no syntactic subject, the presence of one implies an active interpretation (5). The agent cannot appear in any form, as opposed to the passive sentences with transitive verbs, where the agent can be present in an oblique (instrumental) case form (7) (L. P., F. Gulyás 2016: 111–125).
Author: Nikolett F. Gulyás
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