(Komi-Permyak)
AntipassImpl +AntipassAgrA
AntipassImpl: Antipassive constructions do not feature the P argument of the transitive pattern at all.
AntipassAgrA: In an antipassive construction, the verb uses the same strategy to mark agreement with the S argument as it would do it with the A argument in the associated transitive construction.
| (1) | pon-ys | pur-i-s | sosed-sö. |
|---|
| dog‑3sg | bite‑pst‑3sg | neighbour‑acc.3sg |
| ’The dog bit the neighbour.’ (V. E.) | | |
| (2) | pon-ys | pur-i-s | menö. |
|---|
| dog‑3sg | bite‑pst‑3sg | I.acc |
| ’The dog bit me.’ (V. E.) | | |
| (3) | pon-ys | pur-ś-ö. |
|---|
| dog‑3sg | bite‑ap‑3sg |
| ’The dog bites.’ (V. E.) | |
| (4) | kań | öni | kyj-ö | šyr-ös. |
|---|
| cat | now | catch‑prs.3sg | mouse‑acc |
| ’The cat is catching mice now.’ (V. E.) | | | |
| (5) | kań-ys | oz | ńi | kyj-ś-y. |
|---|
| cat‑3sg | neg.prs.3sg | any_more | catch‑ap‑cng |
| ’The cat does not catch mice any longer.’ (Batalova – Krivoshchekova-Gantman 1985: 210) | | | |
| (6) | arpad | öni | kudymkar-yn | velöt-ö | komi-permjak |
|---|
| Árpád | now | Kudimkar‑ine | study‑prs.3sg | Komi‑Permyak |
| kyv | da | velöt-ö | velötćiś-śez-lö | venger | kyv. |
| language | and | teach‑prs.3sg | student‑pl‑dat | Hungarian | language |
| ’Árpád is now studying Komi-Permyak in Kudymkar and teaching students Hungarian.’ (after Ponomareva 2010: 98) | | | | |
| (7) | škola-yn | velöt-ć-ö | sija | med-umöľ-a. |
|---|
| school‑ine | study‑ap‑3sg | (s)he | superl‑bad‑adv |
| ’(S)he is the worst student at school.’ (Ponomareva 2010: 245) | | | |
In Komi-Permyak, the verbs of antipassive sentences take the -ś (3), (5), or, less commonly, the -ć (7) detransitivizing suffix. The P argument of the corresponding construction (1)–(2), (4), (6) does not appear in the antipassive construction (3), (5), (7). The verb velötny is a transitive verb primarily used with the meaning ‘teach’, but, more rarely, it can also mean ‘study’ (6). Since the verb takes a direct object in both cases its meaning is determined by the context (6). The verb always agrees with the argument with the S or A function (1)–(7). More research is needed on the details.
Author: Nikolett F. Gulyás
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