(Komi-Permyak)

NoWhenMark & WhenV & WhenWV2 (+WhenWV1)

NoWhenMark: When-clauses are not marked as such. The two events are described in juxtaposition, and the temporal relationship between them must be inferred logically or based on contextual cues.

WhenV: When-clauses are marked by the use of a special verb form.

WhenWV1: When-clauses are marked by the use of an independent word within the main clause.

WhenWV2: When-clauses are marked by the use of an independent word (conjunction) within the clause.

(1)peťalokt-i-sgort-ö,mekutć-ilöśöt-ny
Petyacomepst3sghomeillIstartpst.1sgprepareinf
śojan.
food
’ After Petya came home, I started cooking.’ (L. P.)

(2)tatönpukav-tönunabait-i-m.
heresitcvbmuchtalkpst1pl
’Sitting here we talked a lot.’ (L. P.)

(3)perem-ynuǯav-töʒ́-ʒ́amvelötć-iiževsk-yn.
Permineworkcvb1sgstudypst.1sgIzhevskine
’Before working in Perm I studied in Izhevsk.’ (L. P.)

(4)kaťa,gort-ölokt-ikkež-atlöśötśojan!
Katya,homeillcomecvbafterine.2sgprepare.imp.2sgfood
‘Katya, after coming home, make some food! (L. P.)

(5)lizamiśśöt-i-sbekörpań(sek),kör
Lisawashpst3sgdishthenwhen
ćeľaď-ysvod-i-söuź-ny.
children3sggopst3plsleepinf
’Lisa washed the dishes when the children went to sleep.’ (L. P.)

In Komi-Permyak, temporal subordination can be expressed by a mere juxtaposition of clauses (1), using different subordinate non-finite constructions (2)–(4), or subordinate clauses with two finite verbs in the sentence (5). In the latter case the subordinate clause contains a conjunction, with an optional reference word appearing in the main clause (cf. Bartens 2000: 232–265, Lobanova 2018: 25–26).

Author: Nikolett F. Gulyás


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