Typological Database of the Volga-Kama Finno-Ugric Languages

(Komi-Permyak)

M/T~Subj & M/T–Subj

M/T~Subj: The synthetic marker of the person of the subject also contains information on either the time or the mood of the verb.

M/T–Subj: Either the time or the mood (but not both) are marked, with marking of the person of the subject following it.

T~Subj

(1)	mun-a
	go‑PRS.1SG
	’I go’ (L. P.)

T~Subj

(2)	mun-a
	go‑FUT.1SG
	’I will go’ (L. P.)

T~Subj

(3)	mun-ö
	go‑PRS.3SG
	’(s)he goes’ (L. P.)

T–Subj

(4)	mun-a-s
	go‑FUT‑3SG
	’(s)he will go’ (L. P.)

T~Subj

(5)	mun-i
	go‑PST.1SG
	’I went’ (L. P.)

T–Subj

(6)	mun-i-s
	go‑PST‑3SG
	’(s)he went’ (L. P.)

T–Subj

(7)	mun-öm-yt/mun-öm-at
	go‑PST2‑2SG
	’you went’ (L. P.)

T–Subj

(8)	mun-öm-nyt
	go‑PST2‑2PL
	’you (pl) went’ (L. P.)

T–Subj

(9)	mun-öm-aś
	go‑PST2‑2PL
	’you (pl) went’ (L. P.)

T–Subj

(10)	mun-öm-aś
	go‑PST2‑3PL
	’they went’ (L. P.)

M~Subj

(11)	mun!
	go.IMP.2SG
	’Go!’ (L. P.)

M~Subj

(12)	mun-ko!
	go‑IMP.2SG
	’Go!’ (L. P.)

M~Subj

(13)	mun-ö!
	go‑IMP.2PL
	’Go! (pl)’ (L. P.)

In Komi-Permyak, verbs can be marked for the number and person of the subject, the mood of the verb (in the case of imperative mood), and tense, which can also encode evidentiality (see also the parameters on Evidentiality and Coding of Evidentials). Present (1) and simple future (2) forms are syncretic, with the exception of third person (2), (4). In all the three of the simple tenses – present (1), simple future (2) and simple past (5) – the first person singular verb forms mark tense and the person and number of the subject simultaneously. In the second past tense, two verb forms are used in second person singular (7) and plural (8)–(9), one of them (9) being the same as the third person plural verb form (10). Of the verbal moods, only imperative can be marked using a suffix. In second person singular the verb expresses mood, together with with the person and number of the subject (11). In the same person and number another form can be used (12), where the suffix -ko expresses mood and the person and number of the subject simultaneously. In second person plural (13) the suffix also expresses mood and the person and number of the subject at the same time (cf. Batalova 2002: 96–104).

Author: Nikolett F. Gulyás

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