(Meadow Mari)

SitNecAff & SitNecV

SitNecAff: Situational necessity is expressed through the use of verbal affixes.

SitNecV: Situational necessity is expressed through the use of verb constructions.

(1)mə-lan-namöŋgə-štökod-man.
weDAT1PLhomeINEstayINF.NEC
’We have to stay home.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 258)

(2)keŋež-əmžap-emo-klij,jal-əštelij-šašul-am.
summerACCtime1SGNEG3SGwill_be.CNGvillageINEwill_bePTCP.FUTbe1SG
’I won’t have time in the summer, I will be/should be in the village.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 264)

(3)ergə-navesij-əmarmej-əškekajə-šaš.
boy1PLotheryearACCarmyILLgoPTCP.FUT
’Our son has to go to the army next year.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 264)

(4)erlaerküńel-aškül-eš.
tomorrowearlyget_upINFneed3SG
’(We) need to get up early tomorrow.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 282)

(5)toštokompjuťerolmešu-mnal-aš-napern-en.
oldcomputerinstead_ofnewACCbuyINF1PLstrikePST2.3SG
’Instead of the old computer we had to buy a new one.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 283)

(6)əndeikšagatvuč-aš!
loonehourwaitINF
’There you are, now we have to wait an hour!’ (elicited)

In Meadow Mari, contingent on the situation, situational necessity can be expressed by the necessitive infinitive (1), the future-oriented participle (2)–(3), or a verbal construction (4)–(5). More rarely the infinitival form of the verb can express situational necessity as well (6).

Author: Bogáta Timár


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