(Meadow Mari)
RarePfrCC & IntPfrCC
RarePfrCC: Although the dominant strategy for expressing causatives is non-periphrastic, the rare periphrastic causative can also be found.
IntPfrCC: Causatives are expressed through the use of a nonfinite verb form, special verbal mood, and either a verbal case affix or a special particle in the clause expressing the caused event. This type is known as an intentional causative construction.
(1) | kuva-m | urg-a. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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grandmother‑1SG | sew‑3SG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
’My grandmother sews.’ (T. E.) |
(2) | kuva-m-lan | tuvər-əm | urg-aš | küšt-em. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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grandmother‑1SG‑DAT | shirt‑ACC | sew‑INF | ask‑1SG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
’I ask my grandmother to sew a shirt.’ (T. E.) |
Meadow Mari has no grammaticalized periphrastic causative constructions. Such meanings can be expressed by a combination of verbs like order, tell, ask and the infinitival form of the caused event. The primary means for expressing causation are with the help of morphological markers.
Author: Bogáta Timár