(Meadow Mari)
VolAff + VtmV + VtumExpl & VolV + VtmNonF + VtumExpl & VolV + VtmNonF + VtumImpl
VolAff: Volition is expressed by an affix.
VolV: Volition is expressed using a finite verb.
VtmV: The desired event is expressed using a finite verb.
VtmNonF: The desired event is expressed by a non-finite verb form (infinitive, participle, converb).
VtumExpl: The linguistic unit expressing the desired event includes explicit reference to the agent desiring the event.
VtumImpl: The linguistic unit expressing the desired event does not include explicit reference to the agent desiring the event.
| (1) | koč-me-m | šu-eš, | sadlan | koč-ne-m. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| eat‑PTCP.PASS‑1SG | arrive‑3SG | so | eat‑DES‑1SG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ’I feel like eating so I would like to eat.’ (Vasil’ev 1958: 55) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (2) | tid-ən | nergen | mut-əm | jöršeš | luk-me-m | o-k | šu. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| this‑GEN | about | word‑ACC | at_all | drop‑PTCP.PASS‑1SG | NEG‑3SG | arrive.CNG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‘I don’t want to say anything at all about this.’ (elicited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (3) | təge | kalasə-me | šu-eš | marij | ludsə-lan. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| so | tell‑PTCP.PASS | arrive‑3SG | Mari | reader‑DAT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ’This is how we would like to tell it to the Mari readers.’ (MariUver blog 2015.02.02.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Meadow Mari has a desiderative mood, which is marked by the suffix -ne. The subject is explicitly present on the verb with this suffix in the form of person and number marking (1). Another way to express volition is a periphrastic construction, using the passive participle with a possessive suffix matching the person and number of the subject combined with šuaš ’arrive’ (2), or, occasionally, šuktaš ’make arrive’ (2). The subject is marked on the word expressing the volitional event in this case as well. Less commonly, when the subject is identifiable based on the context, the possessive suffix may be absent (3) (Timár 2016).
Author: Bogáta Timár