(Meadow Mari)

RcprNonRefl

RcprNonRefl: Reciprocity is expressed with a single verb; the grammatical encoding of reciprocity is different from that of reflexivity.

(1)marij-vlakpoškudo-vlakdenevašvaškelš-enilə-šašul-ət.
mariPLneighbourPLwitheach_otheragreementCVBlivePTCP.FUTbe3SG
’The Mari have to live in harmony with their neighbours.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019)

(2)čodəra-šteüdər-vlakikteves-əšt-əmjomdar-en-ət.
forestINEgirlPLeach_other3PLACClosePST23PL
’The girls lost each other in the forest.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 146)

(3)šken-d-əmušan-lanuž-m-etgodəmves-əmorandə-lani-tšotlo.
self2SGACCcleverDATseePTCP.PASS2SGwhileotherACCfoolDATNEG.IMP2SGcount.CNG
’When considering yourself smart, don’t consider others stupid.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 143)

(4)balerine-vlakčüčkədənvis-alt-ət,šon-em.
ballerinaPLoftenweighREFL3PLthink1SG
’Ballerinas, I suppose, weigh themselves often.’ (Bradley et al. 2022)

In Meadow Mari, reciprocity is expressed using the reciprocal pronouns vaš-vaš (1) or ikte-vese (2), which differ from the reflexive pronoun (3) and the reflexive suffix (4).

Author: Bogáta Timár


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