(Meadow Mari)

NomConj=VConj & Juxta & NomConjNotVConj

NomConj=VConj: Nominal conjunction and verbal conjunction are expressed through the use of the same coordinating conjunction(s).

Juxta: Both nominal and verbal conjunction are expressed through juxtaposition.

NomConjNotVConj: Nominal conjunction and verbal conjunction are expressed through distinct strategies.

(1)tol-zapərljamur-alt-ena,kušt-alt-ena,kan-alt-ena
comeIMP.2PLtogethersingREFL1PLdanceREFL1PLrestREFL1PL
’Come, let us sing, dance, and rest together!’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019)

(2)toštomarij-lagalinafedotovadenvasilijeršovpešustankušt-alt-əšt.
oldMariCOMPGalinaFedotovaandVasiliyYershovveryskillfullydanceREFL3PL
’Galina Fedotova and Vasiliy Yershov are very good at dancing the old Mari way.’ (Korp.)

(3)vuč-en-atdatol-əm.
waitPST22SGandcomePST1.1SG
’You waited and I came.’ (Smirnov-Semenger 2009: 231)

(4)marijkundemčodəra-lanjer-landaeŋer-lanpojan.
MarilandforestDATlakeDATandriverDATrich
’The Mari region is rich in forests, lakes, and rivers.’ (Riese et al. 2022: 80)

(5)kid-emjük-emčütər-en-ətmogər-em-lanjüštən-šokšənčuč-ən.
hand1SGvoice1SGtremblePST23PLbody1SGDATcoldhotfeelPST2.3SG
’My hands and voice were trembling, I was shivering with cold.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019)

In Meadow Mari both nominal and verbal conjunction can be expressed by sheer juxtaposition (1), (5), or using the coordinating conjunction da ’and’ (3), (4). The coordinating conjunction den can also be used for nominal conjuncts (2). It cannot conjoin verbs.

Author: Bogáta Timár


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