(Meadow Mari)

MixComInstr

MixComInstr: Multiple strategies exist to express the comitative and instrumental functions. Although these strategies are regularly used to express both, at least one variant exists that can only be used to express either the comitative or instrumental.

(1)təjo-t-əlgən,imńə-ge,pört-kejül-en-naəl’e
youneg2SGisifhorseCOMhouseCOMburnPST21PLaux
’Were it not for you, we would have burnt, together with our house and horses.’ (Alhoniemi 1985: 61)

(2)tideMorkositməž-etdenekočk-aššukt-eno-mkertəl’e
thisMorkobastard2SGcomeatINFmanageCVBneg1SGcan.CNGaux
’(…) I would not have been able to eat with that bastard child of yours from Morko’ (Marij Kolumbiada)

(3)MeMosko-škopojezddenekaj-ena
1PLMoscowILLtraininsgo1PL
’We are going to Moscow by train.’ (T. E.)

The comitative marker is -ge/-ke, which can only be used to express comitative functions (Beke 1911, Bereczki 1990), however, in current spoken language its use is rare, it rather belongs to the passive knowledge of the speakers. (A. S.) In present-day Mari the postposition dene is far more widespread and can be used for both instrumental and comitative functions (besides having other functions as well) (2)–(3).

Author: Bogáta Timár


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