(Meadow Mari)
RelPro & RcnonO
RelPro: Object-headed relative clauses include both the nominal head of the relative clause in the main clause and an obligatory coreferential pronoun in the relative clause. The pronoun is marked as the object of the relative clause, while the nominal head is marked for the role it plays in the main clause.
RCnonO: While the nominal head of a relative clause can be understood to be the object of the clause, this role is not marked grammatically; instead, the noun is only marked for its syntactic role in the main clause.
| (1) | elektron | bilet | tide | təgaj | dokument, | kud-əm | pojezd | tarvan-əme | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| electronic | ticket | this | such | document | that‑ACC | train | leave‑PTCP.PASS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| deč | ončəč | kass-əšte | təglaj | bilet-lan | vašt-alt-at. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| from | before | cash_desk‑INE | simple | ticket‑DAT | exchange‑REFL‑3SG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‘An electronic ticket is a document that is exchanged for a standard ticket at the cash desk before the train leaves.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (2) | una-vlak-əm | üpö-štö | nal-me | jəvančaj | dene | siljl-em. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| guest‑PL‑ACC | ufa‑INE | buy‑PTCP.PASS | willowherb_tea | with | offer‑1SG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‘I offer guests willowherb tea bought in Ufa.’ (T. E.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Meadow Mari, object-headed relative clauses can be expressed by finite subordinate clauses (1), or non-finite constructions (2). In finite relative clauses there is always a relative pronoun in the accusative case.
Author: Bogáta Timár