(Meadow Mari)

RelPro & RCnonObl & RCObl

RelPro: Oblique-headed relative clauses include both the nominal head of the relative clause in the main clause and an obligatory coreferential pronoun in the relative clause, generally marked for its oblique role.

RCnonObl: While the nominal head of an oblique-headed relative clause can be understood to fulfill an oblique role in the clause, this role is not marked grammatically; instead, the noun is only marked for its syntactic role in the main clause.

RCObl: The nominal head appears only in the relative clause; no coreferential noun or pronoun appears in the main clause.

(1)saša-nukš-əmpüčk-ənnal-mepušengekošk-en.
SashaGENbranchACCbreakCVBtakePTCP.PASStreedryPST2.3SG
’The tree Sasha broke the branch of died.’ (Brykina–Aralova 2012: 480-487)

(2)kudopoškudə-lanuškal-əmpu-en-am,peškuan-əšəl-e.
whichneighbourDATcowACCgivePST21SGverygladPST1.3SGbePST1.3SG
’The neighbour I gave the cow to was very happy.’ (Brykina–Aralova 2012: 532)

(3)məj-ənul-opodružka-m,kudə-lančəlaojl-enseŋ-em,heh.
IGENbe3SGgirl_friend1SGwhoDATeverysayCVBwin1SGheh
‘I have got a (girl)friend whom I can tell everything, heh.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019)

(4)tevekoča,kud-əndenepaša-məšt-en-am,šongolij-ən
beholdold_manwhoGENwithworkACCdoPST21SGoldbePST2.3SG
gynat,mašinadenekudaləšt-ešəl-e.
thoughcarwithtravel_about3SGbePST1.3SG
‘The old man that I worked with drove a car in spite of being old.’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019)

(5)amogajoŋgajkoləšt-ašmur-əm,kud-ənmut-šə-mo-tpale…
buthowinterestinglisten.toINFsongACCthatGENword3SGACCNEG2SGknow.CNG
‘But how interesting it is listening to a song the lyrics of which is not known...’ (Arkhangelskiy 2019)

Meadow Mari uses different strategies for forming oblique-headed relative clauses. The head noun can be represented by a pronoun in the relative clause in case it has a possessive (5), dative (3), instrumental or comitative (4) role. In the latter case, since it cannot be used in comitative-instrumental case, the relative pronoun is expressed in the form of a postpositional construction surfacing in genitive (4). When the head noun has a possessive role in the relative clause, its case form can reflect its function in the main clause without anything indicating its oblique role (1). In other cases the head noun is within the relative clause without being represented in the main clause (2).

Author: Bogáta Timár


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