(Udmurt)

SitPsblNonEp

SitPsblNonEp: Situational and epistemic possibility are totally distinguished in terms of verbal modality.

(1)monbygat-iśk-okylburgožja-ny,pićijakekty-nyno
IcanPRS1SGpoemwriteINFlittledance INFand
ymkreź-enšudy-ny!
mouthinstrumentINSCOMplay INF
’I can write poems, dance a little and play the jaw harp! (https://udmshundy.ru/archives/143)

(2)soberegineotćyjukiśty-nyjara.
afteronlythere.ILLgrainpourINFallowed
’Grain may be poured there only after that.’ (UdmCorp.)

(3)heľsinki-yntolaltešunyt,uram-yniźy-teknovetly-ny
HelsinkiINEwinterwarmstreetINEhatABEtoogoINF
lue.
be_possible.3SG
’It is warm in Helsinki in the winter, it is even possible to walk the streets without wearing a hat.’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 108)

(4)mynymkyźy=kelu-o-z=atynydjurtty-ny?
I.DAThow=PCLbeFUT3SG=Qyou.DAThelpINF
’Is there a way I can help you?’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 109)

In Udmurt, situational possibility can be encoded using the verb bygatyny ’can, be able to’ combined with the infinitive (1), or the auxiliaries jara ’may, be possible’ (2), or lue ’maybe’ (lit. ’will_be’) (3)–(4) and the infinitive (see e.g. Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 108–109). These constructions cannot be used in epistemic functions.

Author: Laura Horváth


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