(Udmurt)

AdvCopDep

AdvCopDep: Depending on certain grammatical circumstances, the copula does occur with adverbial predicates.

(1)sotatyn.
(s)hehere
’(S)he is here.’ (Y. S.)

(2)montatyn.
Ihere
’I am here.’ (Y. S.)

(3)montatynövöl.
IhereCOP.NEG
’I am not here.’ (Timerkhanova 2006: 28)

(4)sotatyn val.
(s)heittCOP.PST
’(S)he was here.’ (Y. S.)

(5)mitatynlu-o-my.
wehereCOPFUT1PL
’We will be here.’ (Y. S.)

(6)čemyśatolu-eoźy,štosoosugbydesmo.
oftenPCLCOP3SGsothattheyNEG.3PLmaterialize.CNG.3PL
’It often happens that they do not materialize.’ (Mynam malpanjosy 01.09.2014)

Adverbial predicates do not co-occur with the copula in Udmurt in any person and number in affirmative present tense sentences in indicative mood (1)–(2) (Csúcs 1990: 62, Winkler 2001: 65). The copula always appears elsewhere, that is, in negative sentences (3), non-present tenses (4–5) and non-indicative mood (ibid.).

In certain cases – e.g. when the predicate refers to a recurring event – the copula can also appear with adverbial predicates in non-negative present tense sentences in indicative mood (6).

Author: Erika Asztalos


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