(Udmurt)

Proh=ImpNegSpec

Proh=ImpNegSpec: Prohibitive and affirmative imperative verb forms are the same, with negation expressed using a different strategy than in negative declarative sentences.

(1)šutetsky!
relax.IMP.2SG
’Take a rest!’ (Y. S.)

(2)enšutetsky!
PCL.NEGrelax.IMP.2SG
’Don’t take a rest!’ (Y. S.)

(3)ud šutetsk-iśk-y
NEG.2relaxPRSCNG.SG
’You don’t take a rest.’ (Y. S.)

In Udmurt, second person singular prohibitive forms of verbs (2) are the same as imperative ones (1); prohibition itself is expressed by the particle en, which certain sources identify as a prohibitive particle (Winkler 2001: 54, 2011: 108), others as the second person imperative form of the negative verb (cf. Bartens 2000: 217, Tarakanov 2011: 164–165, 241). In indicative mood negation is expressed by an inflected form of the negative verb followed by the connegative form of the main verb (3).

Author: Erika Asztalos


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