(Udmurt)

PM

PM: Person marking of the agent is marked on the verb (through verbal agreement) regardless of whether the agent is, or could be, expressed by a full noun or a pronoun.

(1)eľvirasurju-e.
Elvirabeerdrink3SG
’Elvira drinks beer. (Y. S.)

(2)(so)surju-e.
(s)hebeerdrink3SG
’(S)he drinks beer. (Y. S.)

(3)(mon)surju-iśk-o.
IbeerdrinkPRS1SG
’(I) drink beer. (Y. S.)

(4)(ton)surju-iśk-od.
youbeerdrinkPRS2SG
’(You) drink beer. (Y. S.)

In Udmurt the grammatical person of the agent is marked on the verb (1)–(4), irrespective of the person of the agent or whether the agent is expressed by a noun (1) or a pronoun (2)–(4). Udmurt is a pro-drop language, i.e. sentences without a visible subject are also grammatical (2)–(4), when only the person marking on the verb encodes the subject.

Author: Erika Asztalos


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