(Udmurt)
PossAff (NonPossAff)
PossAff (NonPossAff): The use of personal possessive affixes on the possessed noun is generally required but for possessed nouns with some specific meaning where their use is optional.
| (1) | kolxoz-len | mašina-jez |
|---|
| kolkhoz‑GEN | car‑3SG |
| ’the car of the kolkhoz’ (Perevoshchikov et al. 1962: 77) |
| (2) | vorgoron-len | kužym-ez |
|---|
| man‑GEN | strength‑2SG |
| ’the man’s strength’ (Csúcs 1990: 42) |
| (3) | mynam | tir-e |
|---|
| I.GEN | axe‑1SG |
| ’my axe’ (Csúcs 1990: 42) |
| (4) | so-len | mylkyd-yz |
|---|
| (s)he‑GEN | mood‑3SG |
| ’his/her mood’ (Csúcs 1990: 42) |
| (5) | sergej-len | mylkyd | lobʒ́-ono | kaď. |
|---|
| Sergey‑GEN | mood | fly‑PTCP.NEC | as |
| ’Sergey is in a very good mood (lit. Sergey’ mood is as if he were flying).’ (Perevoshchikov et al. 1962: 79) |
| (6) | mynam | nyr | öžytak | ošiśk-i-z | uk. |
|---|
| I.GEN | nose | a_bit | droop‑PST‑3SG | PCL |
| ’I started to feel a little down. (lit. My nose started to droop a bit.)’ (Mynam malpanjosy28.09.2014) |
In Udmurt the person marking affix appears both on unalienable (2), (4) and alienable (1), (3) possessees, be they nominal (1)–(2) or pronominal (3)–(4). This possessive person marking is optional in certain cases with unalienable possessees (F. Gulyás et al. 2018), (5)–(6), however, the exact conditions for this optionality are far from clear.
Author: Erika Asztalos
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