(Udmurt)

NoAMark & Neutr

NoAMark: The function A is not explicitly marked, while S, P, or both are marked. A is therefore marked with a zero (∅) morpheme.

Neutr: Case alignment is neutral: the functions S, A, and P are not marked morphologically.

(1)stuďent“šuži”-jezlyʒ́ʒ́-o-z.
student “Shuzhee”ACCreadFUT3SG
’The student is going to read “Shuzhee” [Udmurt novel].’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 148)

(2)pinal-josjölju-onońańśi-jo.
childPLmilkdrink3PLandbreadeat3PL
’The children are drinking milk and eating bread.’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 147)

(3)mišakuzpal-en-yzul-oborda-zyuk.
MishaspouseINSCOM3SGlive3PLbeside3PLPCL
’Oh, but Misha lives next to us with his wife.’ (UdmCorp.)

In Udmurt, nominal A functions (1)–(2) and S functions (3) are unmarked, and the nominal expressing the P function is either marked or unmarked. The function P is unmarked in case the object is indefinite (cf. Csúcs 2003, Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008) or non-specific (cf. É.Kiss – Tánczos 2018) (2), whereas it is marked when the object is specific (É.Kiss – Tánczos 2018) or definite (1) (cf. Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 31–32, 144–148).

Author: Laura Horváth


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