(Udmurt)

PAff

PAff: The function P is marked with affixation.

(1)monsoos-tyjarat-iśk-o.
ItheyACClovePRS1SG

’I love them.’ (UdmCorp.)

(2)darjakenakaćiznoso-ješöd-e.
DaryaauntselfPCLit-ACCfeel-3SG
’Aunt Darya feels it herself.’ (UdmCorp.)

(3)ʒ́ićy-jezas-senogu-yśpott-i-z.
foxaccselfACCtoopitELAtake_outPST3SG
’(S)he took the fox itself out of the pit too.’ (Csúcs 2003: 134)

(4)monkoťkin-eaʒ́ʒ́-iśk-o.
IanyoneACCseePRS1SG
’I can see anyone.’ (Csúcs 2003: 135)

(5)monsoosśaryśaľiköńa kevera-sal
Itheyaboutnowhow_much PCLsayCONJ
’Now I would say a little about them.’ (UdmCorp.)

(6)makar-i-dyti?
whatdoPST2PLyou.PL
’What did you do?’ (Csúcs 2003: 134)

In Udmurt, personal and demonstrative pronouns in function P are morphologically marked (Csúcs 2003: 133–135). This differs from nominals in function P, which have both marked and unmarked forms (cf. Csúcs 2003, É.Kiss – Tánczos 2018, Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 31–32, 144–148). The suffix of personal pronominal objects is -e/-je in the singular, and -yz or -ty/-dy in the plural: the -yz variant characterizes the southern dialects, whereas -ty/-dy are used in the middle and northern dialects, but in the literary language they are in free variation. Reflexive pronouns have a different paradigm (cf. Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 145–146). This parameter only focuses on personal and demonstrative pronouns but it needs to be added that the marking of the P function on all the different pronominal categories is rather heterogeneous: apart from personal (1) and demonstrative (2) pronouns reciprocal (3) and generic (4) pronouns also have morphological marking, but indefinite pronouns are unmarked (5). Interrogative pronouns in function P are either marked or unmarked (6) (Csúcs 2003: 134–135).

Author: Laura Horváth


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