(Udmurt)
AntipassAgrA +AntipassImpl / AntipassAgrA +AntipassObq
AntipassAgrA: In an antipassive construction, the verb uses the same strategy to mark agreement with the S argument as it would do it with the A argument in the associated transitive construction.
AntipassImpl: Antipassive constructions do not feature the P argument of the transitive pattern at all.
AntipassObq: Antipassive constructions feature the P argument of the transitive pattern in an oblique form (oblique case and/or with an adposition).
| (1) | aľi | pići | purga | gimnazi-ja-my | 762 | pinal | dyšet-e | udmurt | kyl-ez. |
|---|
| now | Pichi | Purga | high_school‑INE‑1PL | 762 | child | study‑3SG | udmurt | language‑ACC |
| ’In our Pichi-Purga high school 762 children study the Udmurt language now.’ (Udmurt corpus) |
| (2) | dyšetskiś | udmurt | kyl-ly | dyšet-sk-e | urok-yn. |
|---|
| student | udmurt | language‑DAT | study‑AP‑3SG | class‑INE |
| ’The student studies the Udmurt language in class.’ (Tánczos 2017: 18) |
| (3) | maša | nyl-zy | | dyšet-sk-e | 5-ti | klass-yn. |
|---|
| Masha | girl‑3PL | | study‑AP‑3SG | 5‑ORD | grade‑INE |
| ’Their daughter Masha studies in grade 5.’ (Udmurt corpus) |
| (4) | kuaśt-em | gubi-z-e | śi-je. |
|---|
| dry‑PTCP.PRF | mushroom‑DET‑ACC | eat‑3SG |
| ’(S)he eats dried mushrooms.’ (Udmurt corpus) |
| (5) | ataj | śi-śk-e, | ju-e, | tamak | kysk-e, | lydʒ́-iśk-e. |
|---|
| father | eat‑AP‑3SG | drink‑3SG | tobacco | pull‑3SG | read‑AP‑3SG |
| ’Father eats, drinks, smokes, and reads.’ (Udmurt corpus) |
| (6) | pijaš | [...] kuzebaj | gerd | śaryś | malpan-jos-se | lydʒ́-i-z. |
|---|
| boy | Kuzebay | Gerd | about | thought‑PL‑3SG.ACC | read‑PST‑3SG |
| ’The boy read out his thoughts on Kuzebay Gerd.’ |
| (7) | oľa | tros-ges | ʒ́uć | kylbur-jos | gožja. |
|---|
| Olya | much‑COMP | Russian | poem‑PL | write.3SG |
| ’Olga prefers writing poems in Russian.’ (Udmurt corpus) |
| (8) | petyr | gožja-śk-e. |
|---|
| Peter | write‑AP‑3SG |
| ’Peter writes.’ (Tánczos 2017: 13) |
| (9) | puťin | tau | kyl-jos | vera-z. |
|---|
| Putin | thank | word‑PL | say‑PST.3SG |
| ’Putin said thanks (lit. ’thanking words’). (Udmurt corpus) |
| (10) | udmurt | kyl-yn | vera-śk-iśk-o. |
|---|
| udmurt | language‑INSCOM | speak‑AP‑PRS‑1SG |
| ’Beszélek udmurt nyelven.’ (Tánczos 2017: 18) |
In Udmurt the predicate of antipassive constructions (2), (3), (8), (10) agrees with the agent (S) the same way (S) as in the transitive construction associated with it (1), (4), (6), (7), (9) (A). The patient (the object of the associated transitive construction, P) either does not/cannot appear in the sentence (3), (5), (8), (10) or has an oblique case form (2).
The antipassive suffix -(i)śk- has the same form as that of the present marker appearing with verbs in first and second person in indicative mood present tense (10).
Author: Erika Asztalos
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