(Udmurt)

CauseV (+CauseWV2) & CauseWV2

CauseV: Causal relationships are marked by a special verb form in the reason clause.

CauseWV2: Causal relationships are marked by an independent word (conjunction) in the reason clause.

(1)tolonkuaźzor-em-enbusy-jeözvetle=no (…).
yesterdayweatherrainPTCP.PRFINSCOMploughlandILLNEG.PST.3go.CNG.PL=PCL
’As it rained yesterday, they did not go to the ploughland.’ (Georgieva 2018: 79)

(2)końdontyrmy-mte-jenserensovyľsezon-lyros-pros
moneyenoughPTCP.PRF.negINSCOMdue_to(s)henewseasonDATprecisely
daśky-nyözbygaty.
prepareINFNEG.PST.3can.CNG.SG
’Since there wasn’t enough money, (s)he could not prepare for the new season properly.’ (Udmurt corpus)

(3)monmožgalanvordiśk-i,maly_ke_šuono,anaj-ataj-e
IMozhga.INEbe_bornPST.1SGbecausemotherfather1SG
otynul-i-zy.
therelivePST3PL
’I was born in Mozhga because my parents lived there.’ (Winkler 2011: 168)

In Udmurt, causal relationships can be expressed by non-finite constructions (1), the combination of a postposition and a non-finite construction (2), or a subordinate clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction of reason (3).

Author: Erika Asztalos


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