(Udmurt)

CauseVBal & CauseVDrk

CauseVBal: The verb of a reason clause appears in base form.

CauseVDrk: The verb of a reason clause appears in a special form, regardless of its grammatical features.

(1)odnoikvaźiśk-onoemći-ly,malyke_šuono
definitelycallPTCP.NECdoctorDATas
viś-iśmurtčošuža-śeš-jos-yz-ly,
illPTCP.PRSpersontogetherworkPTCP.PRSfriendPL3SGDAT
čyžy_vyžy-os-yz-lynoćer-ze„kuźm-a”.
relativePL3SGDATPCLinfection3SG.ACCpresent3SG
’A doctor must definitely be contacted, as ill people give their infection as a present to the friends and relatives working with them.’ (UdmCorp.)

(2)viś-iśmurtčošuža-śeš-jos-yz-ly,
illPTCP.PRSpersontogetherwork PTCP.PRSfriendPL3SGDAT
čyžy_vyžy-os-yz-lynoćer-ze„kuźm-a”.
relativePL3SGDATPCLinfection3SG.ACCpresent3SG
’Ill people give their infection as a present to the friends and relatives working with them.’ (Y. S.)

(3)odignunal-e, tylpupoty-sa,vańjurtjer-zyǯua-z.
onedayILLfireariseCVBeverybuilding3PLburnPST.3SG
’One day, a fire having broken out, every building of theirs burnt down.’ (Shutov 2011: 278)

In Udmurt, the verb of an embedded reason clause has the same form (1) as it would in non-reason clauses (2). Reason clauses can also be expressed using adverbial participle constructions with the suffixes -sa, -(e)men and -(e)myś (as well as their negative forms -mtejen, and -mteyś) (3) (Shutov 2011: 277–278, Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 255–256).

Author: Laura Horváth


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