(Udmurt)

SV

SV: The basic word order is SV, no additional word order exists.

(1)annakyrʒ́a.
Annasing.3SG
’Anna sings.’ (Y. S.)

(2)annaiźe.
Annasleep.3SG
’Anna is sleeping.’ (Y. S.)

(3)tolonvalpumiśkon.
yesterdaybe.PSTmeeting
’There was a meeting yesterday.’ (Mynam malpanjosy 03.03.2015)

(4)žingyrt-i-zkart-ed.
phonePST3SGhusband2SG
’Your husband called.’ (Vilkuna 1998: 201)

(5)revoľucijaśaryś,vyľulonśaryśveraśk-edyšetiś.
revolutionaboutnewlifeaboutspeak3SGteacher
’The teacher talks about the revolution, the new life.’ (Vilkuna 1998: 192)

In Udmurt, the word order of intransitive sentences is subject–verb when the subject is a topic (1)–(2), irrespective of whether there are other nominals in the sentence or whether the verb is agentive (1) or non-agentive (2).

In the absence of a topic, e.g. with existential sentences (3) and other sentences where the whole sentence expresses new information (all-new sentences) (4), the verb–subject order is also attested (cf. Vilkuna 1998: 191, 200–201, Asztalos 2018: 137–139), with this order being more frequent in present-day Udmurt existential sentences (Asztalos 2018: 137–139). Subjects known from the discourse or the context that are not topic-like (cf. Asztalos–Tánczos 2016) can also be post-verbal (5) (Vilkuna 1998: 192).

Author: Erika Asztalos


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