(Udmurt)

Po

Po: Only postpositions exist.

(1)uknoulyn
windowunder
’under the window’ (Csúcs 1990: 57)

(2)ogviťiśkemmyn-ono.
circafivekilometergoPTCP.NEC
’You have to walk about five kilometers.’ (Sokolov – Timerkhanova 2011: 338)

(3)dyšetskiś-jos,bydenkńigabaśty-sa,lydʒ́y-nykutsk-i-zy.
studentPLper_headbooktakeCVBreadINFstartPST3PL
’Each of the students took a book and started to read.’ (Bulychov 1947: 28)

(4)kotyrkykstakanśukaśju-i-m.
per_headtwoglasskvassdrinkPST1PL
’We had two glasses of kvass per head.’ (Bulychov 1947: 28)

In Udmurt adpositions are postpositions (1).

According to Bulychov (1947: 28), Timerkhanova (2011: 183), and Sokolov – Timerkhanova (2011: 338) Udmurt also has three prepositions: og ’circa’ (2), as well as byden and kotyr, both meaning ’each, per head’ (3), (4). These lexemes, however, only modify the meaning of the word they precede and do not encode its syntactic or semantic relationship with another noun or verb phrase in the sentence, and hence do not qualify as prepositions based on our criteria (cf. Asztalos 2018: 74).

Author: Erika Asztalos


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