(Udmurt)

CmpzSC & SCCmpz / SC~Cmpz

CmpzSC: The complementizer appears at the front of the subordinate clause.

SCCmpz: The complementizer appears at the end of the subordinate clause.

SC~Cmpz: The complementizer appears in a position other than the front or end of the subordinate clause.

(1)kule,pezapad-lyvoźmat-yny,aś-me-lend'emokrat'ijašuysa.
mustPCLwestDATshowINFself1PLGENdemocracythat
’We must show the west that we are a democracy.’ (Asztalos 2018: 132)

(2)monjua-j,kyźymarortć-i-zšuysakyketi
IaskPST.1SGhowwhatpassPST3SGthatsecond
polkńiga-jez-lenprezentaci-jez.
occasionbook3SGGENshow3SG
’I asked how his second book launch went.’ (Asztalos 2018: 134)

(3)monšu-iśk-o,štoso lykt-o-z.
IsayPRS1SGthat(s)hecomeFUT3SG
’I say that (s)he will come.’ (Tánczos 2013: 102)

(4)monmalpa-śk-o,štotonbert-o-dšuysa.
IthinkPRS1SGthatyoucome_homeFUT2SGthat
’I think that you will come home.’ (Tánczos 2013: 99)

(5)monšu-iśk-o,so lykt-o-z.
IsayPRS1SG(s)hecomeFUT3SG
’I say (s)he will come.’ (Tánczos 2013: 102)

The subordinating conjunctions of Udmurt equivalent to ‘that’ are šuysa, which is of converbial origin, and the Russian borrowing što. The position of šuysa is clause-final (1), or, occasionally clause-internal (2), whereas the conjunction što has a clause-initial position (3). Double conjunctions are also allowed, that is, the two conjunctions with the same function can appear in one and the same clause (4) (Salánki 2007: 181–184, Tánczos 2013: 99–103). In this case što introduces the clause, and šuysa is clause-final. The conjunction can be missing in subordinate clauses functioning as the subject or the object (5).

Authors: Laura Horváth – Erika Asztalos


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