(Udmurt)

NegV / VNeg

NegV: The negative morpheme precedes the verb.

VNeg: The negative morpheme follows the verb.

(1)envera
NEG.IMPsay.SG.CNG
’Don’t say’ (Kel’makov – Hännikäinen 2008: 216)

(2)envera-le
NEG.IMPsayPL.CNG
’(You-pl) don’t say’ (Kel’makov – Hännikäinen 2008: 216)

(3)ugmyn-iśk-y
NEG.1SGgoPRSSG.CNG
’I’m not going’ (Tarakanov 2011: 170)

(4)myn-ymte-jed
goPST2.NEG2SG
’You didn’t go’ (Kel’makov – Hännikäinen 2008: 199)

(5)övölmyn-em-ed
NEGgoPST22SG
’you didn’t leave’ (Kel’makov – Hännikäinen 2008: 199)

In Udmurt, the negative imperative morpheme en precedes the verb (1)–(2). The inflected negative verb used in the present (3), future and the 1st past tenses always precedes the verb (Asztalos 2018: 72). In the so-called non-witness past (PST2) negation can be expressed in one of two ways: using the negative form of the past tense suffix (-mte), which follows the verb stem (4), or with the negative particle övöl, which precedes the verb – in the latter case the positive non-witness form of the verb is used after the particle (5). The synthetic variant is more common in the southern dialects, whereas the analytical one is more frequent in the north (Kel’makov – Hännikäinen 2008: 199)

Author: Laura Horváth


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