(Udmurt)
NoAdjCase & AdjSyncCase
NoAdjCase: Nouns are marked for case, but adnominal adjectives are not.
AdjSyncCase: Nouns are marked for case, adnominal adjectives show case agreement, and the distribution of adjectival cases differs from that of nouns; therefore, specifically adjectival syncretism is present.
| (1) | badʒ́ym | gurt-yn |
|---|
| big | village‑INE |
| ’in a big village’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 67) |
| (2) | badʒ́ym | gurt-jos-yn |
|---|
| big | village‑PL‑INE |
| ’in big villages’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 67) |
| (3) | badʒ́ym-eś | gurt-jos-yn |
|---|
| big‑PL | village‑PL‑INE |
| ‘in big villages’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 67) |
| (4) | badʒ́ym-a-z | gurt-yn |
|---|
| big‑INE‑DET | village‑INE |
| ’in the big village’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 63) |
| (5) | badʒ́ym-a-z | gurt-e |
|---|
| big‑ILL‑DET | village‑ILL |
| ’(in)to the big village’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 63) |
| (6) | badʒ́ym-jos-a-z | gurt-jos-yn |
|---|
| big ‑PL‑INE‑DET | village‑PL‑INE |
| ’in the big villages’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 63) |
| (7) | badʒ́ym-jos-a-z | gurt-jos-y |
|---|
| big‑PL‑ILL‑DET | village‑PL‑ILL |
| ’(in)to the big villages’ (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 63) |
In Udmurt, adnominal adjectives do not show case agreement with the head noun in their non-determinative forms (1). When the head noun is plural, the -eś/-jeś plural suffix can optionally appear on the adjective but there is no case concord (2)-(3) (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 67). However, when the determinative suffixes -ez-/jez, -iz (singular), and -yz (plural) appear on the adjective, the adjective agrees with the head noun in case. With such patterns, case syncretism of adjectives is attested for inessive and illative forms both in singular and plural (4)–(7) (Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 62–64).
Author: Laura Horváth
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