(Udmurt)
RelPro & CorrelPro & RCnonS
RelPro: Subject-headed relative clauses include both the nominal head of the relative clause in the main clause and an obligatory coreferential pronoun in the relative clause. The pronoun is marked as the subject of the relative clause, while the nominal head is marked for the role it plays in the main clause.
CorrelPro: Subject-headed relative clauses obligatorily include both the nominal head in the relative clause and either the same noun or a more generic term in the main clause.
RCnonS: While the nominal head of a subject-headed relative clause can be understood to be the subject of the clause, this role is not marked grammatically; instead, the noun is only marked for its syntactic role in the main clause.
(1) | ta | poema | siź-emyn | udmurt | kylburći-ly | filipp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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this | poem | dedicate‑PTCP.PASS | Udmurt | poet‑DAT | Filipp | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
kedrov-ly , | kud-iz | ož-yn | byr-emyn. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kedrov‑DAT | who‑DET | war‑INE | die‑PTCP.PASS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
‘This poem is dedicated to the Udmurt poet Filipp Kedrov, who died in the war.’ (Udmurt corpus) |
(2) | so-iz | ik | vrać, | kud-iz | vetl-i-z | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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that‑DET | PCL | doctor | who‑DET | go‑PST‑3SG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
komanďir | dory, | emja-z | mon-e | no. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
commander | to | cure‑PST.3SG | I‑ACC | also | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
’I was cured by the same doctor who went to the commander as well.’ (Vakhrushev et al. 1974: 43) |
(3) | kud-iz | emjaś | emja-z | mon-e, | mon | so-je | tuž | jarat-iśko. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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who‑DET | doctor | cure‑PST.3SG | I‑ACC | I | (s)he‑ACC | very | like‑PRS.1SG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
‘I like the doctor who cured me very much.’ (Y. S.) |
(4) | garďerob-yn | uža-ś | nyl-ez | tod-iśko. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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cloakroom‑INE | work‑PTC.IPF | girl‑ACC | know‑PRS.1SG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
’I know the girl working in the cloakroom.’ (Mynam malpanjosy 17.10.2014) |
Udmurt relative clauses can be full subordinate clauses containing a finite verb (1)–(3), or participial constructions (4). Clauses with a finite verb always contain a relative pronoun in the form determined by its role in the subordinate clause (nominative case for the subject function in (1)–(3)). The main clause associated with finite relative clauses always contains a head noun (1)–(2) or a pronoun (3), and may contain a correlative (2). In relative constructions with participle clauses the form of the head noun is determined by its role in the main clause (4).
Author: Erika Asztalos