(Udmurt)

StAdj & StAdjM / AdjMSt

StAdj: The standard is followed by the adjective; the language does not have a separate marker for the comparative.

StAdjM: The standard is followed by the adjective, then the marker.

AdjMSt: The adjective is followed by the marker, then the standard.

(1)kilometriśkem-leś vakći(-ges).
kilometerverstABLshort(COMP)
’A kilometer is shorter than a verst.’

(2)kilometriśkem śaryśvakći(-ges).
kilometerverstfrom_aboveshort(COMP)
’A kilometer is shorter than a verst.’

(3)ańaǯužyt-gestańa-leś.
AnyatallCOMPTanyaABL
’Anya is taller than Tanya.’ (Asztalos 2018: 157)

In the predicative comparative constructions of Udmurt the standard is in either in ablative case or appears together with the postposition śaryś ‘from above’. The adjective has the optional comparative marker -ges (1–2) (Winkler 2001: 40–41, Efremov 2011: 68–70). (This comparative marker also has an allomorph of the form -gem (Kozmács 2001: 34, Efremov 2011: 68–70.)) The adjective usually follows the standard (1–2), but in the presence of the comparative suffix it can also precede it (3), this latter order being less frequent (Asztalos 2018: 157–161).

Author: Erika Asztalos


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