Politeness distinction in pronouns (Udmurt)

TwoPolit: Binary politeness distinction. The language distinguishes two types of relations (pragmatic function): an intimate/familiar relation and a respectful (honorific) relation. Such a binary distinction may also be expressed by several distinct pronouns, with the choice of pronoun depending on the dialectal or grammatical circumstances.

(1)tonudmurt=a?
you.2SGudmurt=Q
‘Are you (intimate/familiar) Udmurt?’ (Winkler 2001: 66)

(2)ti,vaśilijivanović,juristkelui-śko-dy,pyr-poć
you.2PLVasiliyIvanovichlawyerifbePRS2PLthoroughly
valektevalpenśijaśaryśzakon-jos-ty.
explain.IMP.2PLAUX.PSTpensionaboutlawPLACC
‘If you (respectful/honorific), Vasiliy Ivanovich, are a lawyer, please, give me a detailed explanation of the pension laws.’ (Tarakanov 2011: 110)

In Udmurt second person singular personal pronouns are used to express familiarity (1), and second person plural forms indicate honorificity (2) (Tarakanov 2011: 110), accompanied by verbs showing person and number agreement.

Author: Erika Asztalos


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