(Udmurt)
Oth~FthThth
Oth~FthThth: Each ordinal numeral is derived, through the same pattern, from the root of the corresponding cardinal numeral, with the exception of the numeral ‘first,’ for which both a derived and suppletive form exists. This is also known as the “first/oneth, twoth, threeth” type.
| 1 | odig | 1st | nyryś(-eti)/odig-eti |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | kyk | 2nd | kyk(t)-eti |
| 3 | kuiń | 3rd | kuiń(m)-eti |
| 4 | ńyľ | 4th | ńyľ-eti |
| 5 | viť | 5th | viť-eti |
| 11 | das odig | 11th | das odig-eti |
| 21 | kyź odig | 21st | kyź odig-eti |
| (1) | nyryś | korka | pyr-em. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | house.ILL | enter‑PST2.3SG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ’He entered the first house .’ (Perevoshchikov et al. 1962: 162) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (2) | so-ly | kyk | už | śot-em: | odig-eti-jez... | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3SG‑DAT | two | job | give‑PST2.3SG | one‑ORD‑DET | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ’He was given two tasks: the first...’ (Perevoshchikov et al. 1962: 162) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Udmurt, ordinal numerals are derived by adding the suffix -eti/-jeti to the cardinal number. (The -jeti form is used in the presence of palatal consonants in the root. In case of the ordinals for ‘second’ and ‘third’, the allomorphs of the cardinals with -t and -m are also used.)
The ordinal for ‘first’ is not derived of the cardinal odig ‘one’, but the suppletive root nyryś- with the help of the usual derivational suffix, at times also without it (1). The odig-eti form is used in complex numerals (e.g. das odig-eti ‘eleventh’) (Winkler 2011: 79, Keľmakov – Hännikäinen 2008: 56–57).
In certain cases, the ordinal odig-eti, derived of the cardinal for ‘one’ in the regular way, can also be used to mean ‘first’ in non-complex numerals (2) (Perevoshchikov et al. 1962: 162). (For the occasional nominalizations of ordinal numerals see e.g. Perevoshchikov et al. 1962: 163.)
Author: Laura Horváth