(Udmurt)

Pl1InclNotExcl

Pl1InclNotExcl: Distinct forms of the first-person plural exist to express inclusive and exclusive variants.

(1)mi,monnoaleksej,čukaźekino-emyn-o-m.
weIandAlekseytomorrowcinemaILLgoFUT1PL
’We, me and Aleksey, are going to the cinema tomorrow.’ (Y. S.)

(2)aśmeos,monnoton,čukaźekino-emyn-o-m.
self.1PLIandyoutomorrowcinemaILLgoFUT1PL
’We, you and me, are going to the cinema tomorrow.’ (Y. S.)

In Udmurt the inclusive-exclusive opposition is expressed by the use of 1PL personal pronouns and 1PL reflexive pronouns (Kozmács 2002a: 100–102). When a 1PL personal pronoun is used, the listener is not included in the activity referred to by the speaker (1). As opposed to this, reflexive pronouns (also identified as emphatic pronouns, see Bartens 2000: 159) are inclusive (2).

Author: Laura Horváth


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