(Udmurt)

Pl1=Pl1

Pl1=Pl1: First-person plural does not have an inclusive/exclusive distinction.

(1)aśmeos,monnoton,čukaźekino-jemyn-iśk-om.
self.1PLIandyoutomorrowcinemaILLgoPRS1PL
’We, you and I, are going to the cinema tomorrow.’ (Y. S.)

(2)mi,monnoaleksej,čukaźekino-jemyn-iśk-om.
weIandAlekseytomorrowcinemaILLgoPRS1PL
’We, Aleksey and me, are going to the cinema tomorrow.’ (Y. S.)

Udmurt verbal inflection does not distinguish inclusive and exclusive meanings: the first person plural verb form can be understood either as inclusive (1) or exclusive (2). The inclusive/exclusive contrast is indicated by the first person plural form of the reflexive pronoun and the first person plural form of the personal pronoun, respectively ((1)–(2)) (Kozmács 2002: 100).

Author: Laura Horváth


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